Анатомія людини, том 1, вид. 8 / Головацький А. С., Черкасов В. Г. та ін.

У першому томі підручника подано сучасні дані про будову клітин і тканин. Дано характеристику органів, систем і апаратів органів. Описані основні етапи розвитку людини в онтогенезі, особливості будови, росту і розвитку організму. Детально описана функціональна анатомія кісток скелета, їх з’єднань та м’язової системи людини. Наведена коротка характеристика кровопостачання, відтоку крові і лімфи від цих анатомічних структур та їх іннервації. Допоможуть у кращому засвоєнні матеріалу зведені таблиці. В кінці кожного розділу підручника є питання для повторення і самоконтролю, які дозволяють краще зрозуміти прочитане. Усі анатомічні терміни подані українською і латинською мовами і відповідають Міжнародній анатомічній номенклатурі (Сан-Паулу, 1997) – українському стандарту (Київ, 2001). Підручник призначений для студентів та викладачів вищих медичних навчальних закладів IV рівня акредитації, складений за кредитно-модульним принципом відповідно до вимог Болонського процесу.

What Is a PDF File?

Tim Fisher has more than 30 years’ of professional technology experience. He’s been writing about tech for more than two decades and serves as the SVP and General Manager of Lifewire.

Ryan Perian is a certified IT specialist who holds numerous IT certifications and has 12+ years’ experience working in the IT industry support and management positions.

What to Know

• A PDF file is a Portable Document Format file.
• Open one with Adobe Reader, SumatraPDF, a browser, or another PDF reader.
• Convert to DOCX, XLSX, JPG, PNG, etc. with EasyPDF.com or a document converter.

This article explains what PDFs are, how to open one, all the different ways you can convert one to a different format like an image or an editable file you can use in Word or Excel, and how to password protect one or remove the password.

What Is a PDF File?

Developed by Adobe, a file with the .PDF file extension is a Portable Document Format file.

PDF files can contain not only images and text, but also interactive buttons, hyperlinks, embedded fonts, video, and more.

You’ll often see product manuals, eBooks, flyers, job applications, scanned documents, brochures, and all sorts of other documents available in the PDF format. Web pages can even be saved to PDFs, in their full formatting, for later reference.

Because PDFs don’t rely on the software that created them, nor on any particular operating system or hardware, they look the same no matter what device they’re opened on.

How to Open a PDF File

Most people head right to Adobe Acrobat Reader when they need to open a PDF. Adobe created the PDF standard and its program is certainly the most popular free PDF reader out there. It’s completely fine to use, but we find it to be a somewhat bloated program with lots of features that you may never need or want to use.

Most web browsers, like both Chrome and Firefox, can open PDFs themselves. You may or may not need an add-on or extension to do it, but it’s pretty handy to have one open automatically when you click a PDF link online. Another way to get it to open in a browser is with a dedicated web-based opener like this one at FreePDFOnline.com.

We highly recommend SumatraPDF, Slim PDF Reader, or MuPDF if you’re after something with a bit more features; all three are free. See our list of the best free PDF readers for more options.

How to Edit a PDF File

Adobe Acrobat is the most popular PDF editor, but Microsoft Word will do it, too. Other PDF editors also exist, like Foxit PDF Editor and Nitro PDF Pro, among others.

PDFescape, Canva, DocHub, and PDF Buddy are a few free-to-use online PDF editors that make it really easy to fill out forms, like ones you sometimes see on a job application or a tax form. Just upload your PDF to the website to do things like insert images, text, signatures, links, and more, and then download it back to your computer as a PDF.

A similar online PDF editor called Fill is great if you just need to add a signature to the PDF. It also supports including checkboxes, dates, and regular text, but you can’t edit existing text with it or easily fill out forms.

See our Best Free PDF Editors list for a regularly updated collection of PDF editors if you’re after something more than just form filling, like adding or removing text or images from your PDF.

If you want to extract part of a PDF file as it’s own, or split a PDF into several different individual documents, there are several ways to pull that off. See our Best PDF Splitter Tools & Methods for all the help you need to get that done.

How to Convert a PDF File

Most people wanting to convert a PDF file to some other format are interested in doing that so they can edit the contents of the PDF. Converting a PDF means that it will no longer be a .PDF, and instead will open in a program other than a PDF reader.

For example, converting a PDF to a Microsoft Word file (DOC and DOCX) lets you open the file not only in Word but also in other document editing programs like OpenOffice and LibreOffice. Using these types of programs to edit a converted PDF is probably a much more comfortable thing to do compared to an unfamiliar PDF editor.

If you instead want a non-PDF file to be a .PDF file, you can use a PDF creator. These types of tools can take things like images, eBooks, and Microsoft Word documents, and export them as PDF, which enables them to be opened in a PDF or eBook reader.

Saving or exporting from some format to PDF can be accomplished using a free PDF creator. Some even serve as a PDF printer, allowing you to virtually “print” pretty much any file to a .PDF file. In reality, it’s just a simple way to convert pretty much anything to PDF. See How to Print to PDF for a full look at those options.

Some of the programs from the links above can be used in both ways, meaning you can use them to convert PDFs to different formats and to create PDFs. Calibre is another example of a free program that supports converting to and from an eBook format.

Also, many of the programs mentioned can also merge multiple PDFs into one, extract out specific PDF pages, and save just the images from the PDF. PDF Merge Free, TinyWow, and FreePDFOnline.com are online methods for quickly merging multiple PDFs into one; the latter two support over a dozen other PDF-related functions.

EasePDF is one example of an online PDF to Word converter that can save the file to DOCX.

See How to Convert PDF Files to JPG if you’d like your PDF file simply as an image, which can be handy if you’re not sure if the person you’re sending the PDF to has, or wants to install, a PDF reader.

EasyPDF.com is another online PDF converter that supports saving the PDF to a variety of formats so that it’s compatible with Word, PowerPoint, Excel, or AutoCAD. You can also convert the PDF pages to GIFs or a single text file. PDFs can be loaded from Dropbox, Google Drive, or your computer. CleverPDF is a similar alternative.

Another conversion you can make is PDF to PPTX. If you use PDFConverter.com to convert the document, each page of the PDF will be split into separate slides that you can use in PowerPoint or any other presentation software that supports PPTX files.

See these Free File Conversion Programs and Online Services for other ways to convert a PDF file to some other file format, including image formats, HTML, SWF, MOBI, PDB, EPUB, TXT, and others.

How to Secure a PDF

Securing a PDF may include requiring a password to open it, as well as preventing someone from printing the PDF, copying its text, adding comments, inserting pages, and other things.

Some of the PDF creators and converters linked to from above, and others like PDFMate PDF Converter Free, PrimoPDF, FreePDF Creator, Soda PDF, and FoxyUtils, are some free applications out of many that can change these types of security options.

Adobe Acrobat offers an online PDF compressor that automatically reduces the file size after you upload it. If you’re a Microsoft Word user converting a Word file to PDF, select Save as > PDF > Minimize Size (publishing online). In macOS, use the Preview app to make a PDF file smaller; open the PDF > choose File > Export > in the Quartz Filter drop-down menu, select Reduce file size.

You can convert pictures to PDF files in most programs and operating systems by exporting or printing files as PDFs. In Windows, open an image > press Ctrl+P > and select Microsoft Print to PDF. Use the Print > Save as PDF option on Android smartphones, and on macOS and iOS, select File > Print > Save as PDF.

Get the Latest Tech News Delivered Every Day

Hit Refresh on Your Tech News

• About Us
• Privacy Policy
• Editorial Guidelines
• Terms of Service
• Careers
• Advertise
• Contact
• EU Privacy

We Care About Your Privacy

We and our 1609 partners store and/or access information on a device, such as unique IDs in cookies to process personal data. You may accept or manage your choices by clicking below, including your right to object where legitimate interest is used, or at any time in the privacy policy page. These choices will be signaled to our partners and will not affect browsing data.

We and our partners process data to provide:

Store and/or access information on a device. Use limited data to select advertising. Create profiles for personalised advertising. Use profiles to select personalised advertising. Create profiles to personalise content. Use profiles to select personalised content. Measure advertising performance. Measure content performance. Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources. Develop and improve services. Use limited data to select content. List of Partners (vendors)